The TGFβ signaling pathway exerts a number of contrasting effects in cells (e.g., B cells, CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, astrocytes) which have also been described in relation with HIV infection; these effects include changes in proliferation [18], differentiation [19], apoptosis [20], and chemotaxis [21]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and HIV infectious disease.