After 48 h, over expression of CEBPA alone in IPF derived fibroblasts significantly increased Cebpa transcript (Fig. 2a), endogenous CEBPA transcript (Fig. 2c) and CEBPA protein levels (Fig. 2b), and reduced ACTA2, COL1A1, FN1 and CTGF gene expression (Fig. 2d-g). This evidence concerns the gene COL1A1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.