The overrepresented pathways that have been implicated in muscle mass regulation include interleukin‐6 signalling pathway, transforming growth factor‐β signalling pathway, tumour necrosis factor‐α signalling pathway, and insulin and PI3K–Akt signalling pathway, reviewed in.55, 56, 57 The involvement of these pathways in muscle atrophy has been established in various experimental models, and their detection as targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs identified in this study, for the first time, implies their potential involvement in lung cancer cachexia. This evidence concerns the gene INS and lung carcinoma.