A recent US study suggested that the co-existance of anti-MDA5 with anti-Ro52 autoantibodies in JDM patients significantly increased the risk of interstitial lung disease which developed in 9% of those with anti-MDA5 and 70% of those with anti-MDA5 and anti-Ro52 [23••]. The gene discussed is TRIM21; the disease is interstitial lung disease.