INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Clamp studies conducted as a dose response study in severely insulin-resistant nonpregnant type 2 diabetic patients have shown that endogenous glucose production is not completely suppressed before a dose as high as 5.0 mU/kg/min is given [9], but it remains to be elucidated to what extent the endogenous glucose production and the insulin signaling cascade are affected during pregnancy in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe insulin resistance.