However, because a patient with a TP53 mutation presents a high risk to developing cancer—cumulative incidence of cancer of 50% by age 31 in females and by age 46 in males and nearly 100% in both sexes at age 70—and because the usual criteria used to differentiate benign and malignant tumors are based on a low level of certitude, every tumor should be suspected to be malignant until proven otherwise in a patient with a germline TP53 mutation [9, 17, 18]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.