CSF1R and Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia: CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy, also known as hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS), is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease clinically characterized by personality and behavioral changes, motor symptoms, cognitive decline, mental disorder, seizures and other phenotypes [1, 2].