VCAM1 and brain infarction: Based on aforementioned information, it has been suggested that substances possessing antioxidant activity such as vitamin C and the combined extract of O. sativa and A. graveolens can significantly decrease oxidative stress giving rise to the reduction of inflammatory cytokines such as NF-κB and IL-6 which in turn downregulates the expression of VCAM-1 leading to the reduction of intima-media thickness resulting in the increase in lumen diameter of the blood vessel especially the artery and gives rise to the improved brain blood supply and reduced brain infarction and neuronal loss.