INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In an earlier study conducted by Tajadadi-Ebrahimi et al. [10], consumption of 120 g/day synbiotic bread containing Lactobacillus sporogenes (1 × 108 CFU) for 8 weeks led to a significant decrease in serum insulin and HOMA-IR in T2D patients; however, it had no significant effect on FPG.