MAPK3 and Alzheimer disease: A lot of studies have demonstrated that the crucial proteins of the MAPK signaling pathway such as ERK1, JNK, and p38 were all elevated in AD animal models, thus targeting these proteins could reduce Aβ production, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic loss, as well as slowed down the degeneration of cognitive function [38–40].