In addition, since cytokines are involved in the immunomodulation of CVID, we measured the serum expression of adiponectin, leptin, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in 24 CVID maintenance patients, in 18 treatment-naïve CVID patients (before and after the first Ig infusion) and in 28 healthy controls. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is common variable immunodeficiency.