To ask whether an elevated UEV1A level is sufficient to regulate AKT signaling in breast cancer cells, UEV1A, UEV1C or MMS2 were cloned into a pcDNA4.0/TO/HA(+) vector and then transfected into MDA-MB-231-TR or MCF7 cells to construct stable cell lines as previously described [20]. Here, UBE2V2 is linked to breast carcinoma.