To address whether both VEGF-C/MMP-9 protein expression is involved in the development of ESCC in the Kazakh population, we defined VEGF-C/MMP-9 (0, 1+) as negative expression and VEGF-C/MMP-9 (2+, 3+) as positive expression. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.