TNF and bacterial infectious disease: Studies were performed by injecting plasmid under CMV promoter which encodes for epinecidin-1 into the skeletal muscle of adult zebrafish (90 μg of DNA) or grouper (70 μg of DNA) followed by electroporation, and bactericidal effect was obtained against V. vulnificus challenge and lowering the level of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β upon bacterial infection which may involve in triggering sepsis.