Thus, Cytokines include IL-1b (interleukin-1b), IL-6 (interleukin-6); TNF-a (Tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and IFN-g (interferon-gamma), all of which are proinflammatory cytokines (hallmark of persistent inflammation), responsible for enhanced expression of IGFBP-2 in astrocytes and microglia and, a feature of active MS (18, 107). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myeloid sarcoma.