In a study from Joslin Diabetes Center in individuals with type 2 diabetes, comparing progressors to ESRD with non-progressors over 8–12 years follow-up, higher levels of leucine and valine were also associated with lower risk of progression to ESRD, although not significant after adjustment for HbA1c, albumin excretion, eGFR and multiple testing (3). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and type 2 diabetes mellitus.