The pathophysiology of osteoporosis is complicated in terms of occurrence, development, and progression, including much more numerous mechanisms of mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), autophagy, and notch involved (Shen et al., 2016; Zanotti et al., 2018; Hiraiwa et al., 2019), except for RANKL, MAPK, Wnt, and Smad signalling pathways discussed above. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to osteoporosis.