MAPK3 and breast carcinoma: In the tumor xenografts in mice induced with human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, expression of FMOD and β-catenin was elevated, Aspirin treatment greatly reduced FMOD mRNA expression (Figure 9A), β-catenin phosphorylation was increased, and p-ERK/ERK1/2 protein levels were reduced (Figure 9B).