It is now well established that Th1 cells secrete pro-inflammatory molecules such as IFN-γ which drives inflammation of the arterial wall (Frostegard et al., 1999; Smirnova et al., 2014), whereas Treg subpopulations dampen the immune system and decrease atherosclerosis development (Ait-Oufella et al., 2006). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is atherosclerosis.