In addition, many oncoproteins activate the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) via hypoxia-independent mechanisms or a pseudohypoxic state to enhance tumor glycolysis [30], while several glycolytic enzymes, including hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), have been identified as HIF-targeted genes [35]. Here, LDHA is linked to neoplasm.