Considering that neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has limited therapeutic effects and current prediction of disease prognosis still depends on conventional pathologic variables (tumor grade and metastasis status), there is an unequivocal need for elucidating the molecular underpinnings of NSCLC to develop more potent diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, especially during the pathogenesis of EGFR-TKIs resistance. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.