Cytokines, such as TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, are some of the biomarkers found to be elevated in AFib [9], as are increased populations of neutrophils and lymphocytes proportionately (NLR ratio) [10] in AFib patients compared to those in sinus rhythm (SR) [11]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.