TNF and central nervous system cancer: In humans and rodents, embryo implantation relies on a proinflammatory response induced by several proinflammatory factors, including PGE2, TNF, IL6, IL1β and IL8.20 Extracellular ATP may act as danger molecule in the testicular environment and able to promote sterile inflammatory responses by upregulating IL6 and IL1β.43 IL8 production and secretion are induced by ATP in human oesophageal epithelial cells and glioma cells.44, 45 Our data demonstrated that ATP‐stimulated IL8 from epithelial cells regulates the decidualization of stromal cells.