CCL5 and coinfection: Similarly, only 12 out of the 39 host genes which were significantly differentially expressed between TB cases and TST- in HIV negative individuals, including FCGR1A, RAB24, CD3E, CD4, IL7R, PTPRCv1, GNLY, GZMB, TNFRSF1A, CCL5, NLRP12 and BLR1, were also significantly different between TB cases and TST- in HIV coinfected individuals in our previous study [24], and again the expression of TNFRSF1A and NLRP12 was significantly higher in TB cases than TST- controls during HIV coinfection, in contrast to the results obtained here in HIV negative individuals.