Thirty nine genes, including CD19, NCAM1, CD3E, CD4, CD8A, CCR7, IL7R, PTPRCv1, IL2, GATA3, IL5, IL13, CCL4, CTLA4, GNLY, GZMB, PRF1, CASP8, BCL2, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, CD163, CCL5, CCL22, CXCL13, IL12B, TLR9, NLRP1, NLRP2, NLRP12, NLRP13, TIMP2, AREG, TGFBR2, RAB33A, BPI, TWIST1, SEC14L1, and BLR1, had significantly lower expression in TB cases compared to TST+ subjects, while 9 genes including AIRE, CCL2, IL23A, MRC2, NOD2, TLR3, TLR5, FCGR1A and TAGAP were significantly more highly expressed in TB patients compared to TST+ subjects (Table 2). Here, CCL4 is linked to tuberculosis.