Although the association of diabetes with cancer is not new, a recent meta-analysis with over 20 million individuals has established a highly significant relationship between diabetes and cancer.62 Furthermore, several studies using preclinical models have demonstrated the role of insulin signalling and diabetes in promoting tumorigenesis.63–66 Obesity has been linked to high levels of circulatory leptin, but low levels of adiponectin. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is diabetes mellitus.