Indeed, inactivating mutations in LKB1, a kinase upstream of AMPK activation, are observed in a significant percentage of tumours.100 Furthermore, decreased activation of AMPK has been observed in different models downstream of various driver lesions.101 However, in already-established tumour cells without LKB1 mutations, AMPK signalling may assist their survival in nutrient-deprived conditions. This evidence concerns the gene STK11 and neoplasm.