Interestingly, we note that factors that elicited a more sustained p-p38MAPK activation and nuclear translocation for up to 24–48 h, such as DKK3 and vasorin, generated a higher level of dormancy induction than those that generated a transient p-p38MAPK response, such as neogenin, in PCa cells (Fig. 5). Here, NEO1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.