TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Inhibition of TGF-β signaling by sanguinarine may also have potential anti-fibrosis effects in liver cells preventing the induction of HCC, while TGF-β seems to have various roles depending on tumor type and stage, e.g., TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation in early stages of many malignancies, but promotes cancer progression or late-stage tumors37.