To test whether EMT is induced by TGF-β and hypoxia, E-cadherin and upregulated N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail levels suggested that TGF-β, CoCl2 or 1% O2 treatment induced EMT in HCC cells (Fig. 5b, c). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.