In contrast, the circulating levels of HMGB-1 (Geo Mean 31.1 pg/ml in TB-DM vs 34.5 pg/ml in TB, 46.8 pg/ml in DM and 41.7 pg/ml in HC) was significantly higher in DM in comparison with TB-DM, TB and HC. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and tuberculosis.