As shown in Fig. 3b, systemic plasma levels of AGE (Geo Mean 6.13 pg/ml in cavitary vs. 4.14 pg/ml in non-cavitary disease), sRAGE (Geo Mean 737.9 pg/ml in cavitary vs. 475.6 pg/ml in non-cavitary disease) and S100A12 (Geo Mean 3264 pg/ml in cavitary vs. 1891 pg/ml in non-cavitary disease) were significantly increased in TB-DM individuals with cavitary disease in comparison with those without. This evidence concerns the gene S100A12 and tuberculosis.