Furthermore, some gene mutations related to epilepsy, such as mutations in syntaxin binding protein 1 (STXBP1, the risk gene for Ohtahara syndrome) and protocadherin 19 (PCDH19, the risk gene for multiple types of seizures), do not induce synaptic E/I imbalance [4]. The gene discussed is STXBP1; the disease is epilepsy.