Since PD-L1 overexpression transiently occurs during the cytokine-driven epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a strong link between PD-L1 promoter demethylation and the TGF-β signaling pathway was found, which was associated with the loss of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in lung cancer cells [96]. Here, DNMT1 is linked to lung carcinoma.