ALDH3A1 and neoplasm: cMYC and SOX2, two immunomodulatory proteins known to control PD-L1 expression [17,26,27], were found to be overexpressed in 3A1high cells (Ctr for HCC), and downregulated in 3A1low cells (Figure 6a–d), suggesting that ALDH3A1 expression and activity start a complex process involving EMT, stemness, and cytokine release, to contribute to the tumor’s intrinsic immunity.