PTGS2 and lung cancer: COX-2 is involved in regulation of apoptosis and proliferation of colorectal, liver, pancreatic, breast, and lung cancer cells [43], and although we do not have quantitative data for COX-2 in our results, the strong down-regulation of PTGES3 we found could mean that one of the antitumor activities of DHA could be effected by means of the prostaglandin cascade, since it plays an important role in antigen presentation and immune activation in cancer [44].