TGF-β1 has also been known to promote renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy through the activation of Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including p38 MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways [4,9,10]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease.