TNF and meningitis: However, as several organism-associated molecules (e.g., interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), etc.)produced during meningitis may increase the permeability of drugs across the blood–brain barrier due to the disruption of the endothelial layer integrity (Pyrgos et al., 2010), both LAFIS13 and amphotericin B may be considered viable alternatives to treat cryptococcosis.