In one recent cohort of a large series of 40 patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency, pulsatile GnRH therapy restored pituitary–testis axis function in approximately 60% of them, implying that pulsatile GnRH therapy may be equal or superior to combined gonadotropin therapy, at least in some patients, since more physiologic levels of gonadotropins are produced. Here, GNRH1 is linked to hypopituitarism.