Although OSM was initially studied as a cytokine regulating the proliferation of cancer cells, work suggesting its potential roles in inflammation was later indicated by its regulation of IL-6 [45], granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) [46] in human umbilical cord endothelial cells, as well as the acute phase response in hepatocytes [47], followed by OSM regulation of chemokines in mouse systems [48]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is cancer.