This report also raised the possibility that agents which result in the mobilization of HSCs from the niche may also cause mobilization of PCa cells, and indeed the study found that mice when treated with plerixafor or G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), that are both known to mobilize HSCs, resulted in the exodus of PCa cells from the bone marrow [19]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and posterior cortical atrophy.