We also observed that overexpression of c‐Ski inhibits atrial collagen accumulation and reverses AF‐induced atrial remodelling through the TGF‐β1–Smad pathway, suggesting that c‐Ski could be a promising target for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis and may play an important part in the atrial remodelling associated with AF. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and atrial fibrillation.