To address the immune mechanisms associated with the M. tuberculosis response in T2D patients and since TLR-2 and TLR-4 play critical roles in TB infection, we evaluated the TLR expression, proinflammatory cytokine production, and intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis in monocytes from T2D patients to assess the intrinsic impairment of monocytes in M. tuberculosis recognition and control. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.