Given that CDKN2A, TP53, RB1, PTEN, NF1, CDK4, MDM2, EGFR, PDGFRA, IDH1, and MET are well-known genes associated with GBM, the observed mutual exclusivity suggests that SPTA1 and CAPZA2 may be cancer genes. This evidence concerns the gene MDM2 and glioblastoma.