Furthermore, the combination of CTTN, GGH, GPD2, PYROXD2, SRC, and SYNJ2BP can accurately predict the prognosis of ESCC patients, with accuracies for predicting 6-year OS for ESCC patients (AUC = 0.857, 95% CI: 0.813–0.9). Here, GPD2 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.