CD40 and neoplasm: In light of the ability of mCD40L, but not soluble CD40 agonist, to provide a potent tumour cell-specific killing signal, our work has not only offered insights into the underpinning biology of CD40’s effects in normal and malignant epithelial cells, but has also provided a novel avenue for an improved, ‘double-hit’ approach for inflammatory, tumour cell-specific CD40-based approach for cancer therapy.