S100A4 and Osteopenia: For S100A4 mRNA, a significant reduction was evident between osteopenia and osteoporosis groups (Figure 1(c) and Table 2; nonosteoporotic control group vs. osteopenia, 95% CI -0.302 to 0.47, P = 0.666; nonosteoporotic control group vs. osteoporosis, 95% CI 0.053 to 0.925, P = 0.0286; osteoporosis vs. osteopenia, 95% CI -0.751 to -0.057, P = 0.0229, post hoc Bonferroni correction).