However, the changes in S100A4 mRNA between the nonosteoporotic control group, osteopenia, or osteoporosis patients were not significant in the female participants aged over 50 years (one-way ANOVA, F(2, 59) = 2.08, P = 0.134; Figure 2(c) and Table 5). Here, S100A4 is linked to Osteopenia.