For example, biochemical assays have shown that Dectin-1 activation by Fonsecaea monophora (the causative agent of chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal skin infection) in human DCs in vitro activates interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) which promotes transcription of the gene encoding IL-12p35, leading to protective Th1 and Th17 responses; however, simultaneous engagement of Mincle results in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2-dependent degradation of IRF1, which inhibits Dectin-1-mediated IL-12 production [74]. The gene discussed is IRF1; the disease is chromomycosis.