Next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies have reported that as many as ~18% of patients diagnosed with CRC < age of 50 years have pathogenic germline variants in genes that are not traditionally associated with CRC, including ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDKN2A or PALB27,8, while up to 15% of HBOC patients harbor pathogenic variants in known BC predisposing genes, including RAD51C, RAD51D, ATM, CHEK2, BRIP1, PALB2, BARD1, RECQL, TP53, CDH1 and NBN9,10. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and breast cancer.