CD40 and melanoma: We have further demonstrated that a combination of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting innate and adaptive immunity has a synergistic antitumor effect against well-established tumors in a syngeneic B78 melanoma murine model; specifically, we showed that adding CpG and anti-CD40 to IT-IC and anti-CTLA-4 provided substantially greater antitumor efficacy than CpG and anti-CD40 alone or IT-IC and anti-CTLA-4 alone [12].