Future studies can further investigate the evolution of immune cell infiltrate in these cold tumors over time after treatment as well as an approach to treating mice bearing metastatic cold tumors or spontaneously arising neuroblastoma such as in the TH-MYCN transgenic mouse model [24, 49] The potential toxicities of this combined regimen must also be carefully considered, particularly when considering translation to the clinical setting—for example, we presume that treatment-related deaths were observed when anti-CD40 and IL2 were combined at full doses due to cytokine-release storm. Here, IL2 is linked to neuroblastoma.