Interestingly, CM co-treated with LPS plus IFN-γ and TWS119 significantly increased the formation of pro-angiogenic structures in OGD bEnd.3 cells (18.07 ± 2.12 versus 42.71 ± 4.98, P < 0.001), suggesting that the pro-angiogenic effect of TWS119 was likely attributed to modulating microglial polarization instead of the direct effect on vascular endothelial cells damaged by cerebral ischemia. Here, IFNG is linked to brain ischemia.