In the Rivaroxaban Once-daily, Oral, Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET-AF) study [13], patients with PeAF had higher adjusted rates of stroke or systemic embolism (2.18 vs. 1.73% per year, P = 0.048) and all-cause mortality (4.78 vs. 3.52, P = 0.006) compared with patients with PaAF. The gene discussed is F10; the disease is stroke disorder.