With respect to the anti-atherogenic effect of antidiabetic agents, 33.2% of the participants were receiving incretin-related drugs, i.e. dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, which were recently shown to have beneficial effects on CVD outcomes [50, 51] and on the progression of carotid IMT [52] in patients with T2D. Here, DPP4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.