Administration of Brazilian propolis extract in T2DM patients (226.8 mg/day for 8 weeks, n = 41) did not result in significant improvements in HOMA-IR, FBG, HbA1c, blood insulin, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, remnant-like particle cholesterol, TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and urinary albumin excretion compared to the placebo group (n = 39) [310]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.